Surgery

(a) Oesophagus (Gullet)

• Oesophagectomy for oesophageal tumour

(b) Gallbladder and Bile Duct

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones
• Laparoscopic bile duct exploration for bile duct stones

(c) Stomach and Small bowels

• Laparoscopic wedge resection, subtotal or total gastrectomy for stomach tumour
• Laparoscopic repair of gastric / bowel perforations (ulcer, fishbone etc)
• Laparoscopic small bowel resection (enterectomy) for tumour or vascular lesions
• Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for entanglement of bowel loops (adhesions)

(d) Hernia

• Laparoscopic repair of abdominal hernia – inguinal, femoral, incisional or hiatal hernia

(e) Lymph nodes

• Excision of lymph gland for biopsy or pathology e.g. Castleman’s disease

(f) Lumps, Lipomas

• Excision of lumps and cysts eg. lipoma, epidermal cyst

*Open approach may be necessary in some abdominal pathologies